This online course discusses Power Transfer and Stability, Frequency, Automatic Generation Control, and Power System Stability with regard to generation operations.  This course explains the important operating characteristics of generation operations on an interconnected power grid system.

Course Objectives

Power Transfer and Stability

• Describe the purpose of governors and explain how they affect the overall power grid.
• Discuss how rotor angle changes with load
• Explain how single generator and multi generator concepts apply in the analysis of real power systems
• Explain the meaning of synchronization
• Discuss how balanced and unbalanced load sharing affects the generator’s rotor angle
• Explain and discuss synchronizing island, synchronizing condition, and synchronizing relays
• Explain how to plan for islanding
• Explain power transfer conditions in interconnected power systems
• Discuss how control areas manage power flows in an interconnection
• Recognize the differences between steady state stability, instability, transient instability and dynamic instability
• Explain the benefits of Power System Stabilizers (PSS)
• Describe the causes of Sub-Synchronous Resonance

Frequency

• Discuss frequency and bias with respect to interconnected power systems
• Explain the various frequency effects on tie lines
• Discuss Automatic Generation Control (AGC)
• Explain the meaning of Pseudo tie lines
• Discuss the purpose of Regulation Service
• Explain frequency deviation and system security
• Explain how the various types of generators control frequency
• Explain the meaning of governor droop
• Explain how different generator types and sizes impact frequency response
• Discuss system time vs. true clock time
• Explain how to correct frequency to time standards
• Explain how frequency is monitored with respect to time standards
• Discuss how frequency changes with respect to load
• Explain bias and control area
• Discuss how governor control and AGC accommodate changes in load
• Explain the differences between AGC and LFC

Automatic Generation Control

• Explain how Automatic Generation Control (AGC) works and how it is used in the interconnected power system
• Explain the meaning of Regulation Reserves
• Explain how ACE is monitored
• Explain the purpose Inadvertent Interchange
• Discuss Inertia and how it changes over time
• Describe how Power System Stabilizers work and their purpose
• Discuss the purpose of governor
• Discuss Area Control Error (ACE) and how it is used to balance generation and load
• Explain the application and derivation of Control Performance Standards
• Explain the application of Flat Tie Line Control.
• Discuss the differences between Flat Frequency and Frequency Bias on ACE calculations
• Describe and apply concepts of Dynamic Scheduling
• Discuss the requirement for balancing authority

Power System Stability

• Discuss Disturbance Control Standard as a measure of how well a Balancing Authority responds to loss of supply
• Explain the Contingency Reserve and operator responsibilities
• Explain the meaning of Reserve Sharing
• Discuss the NERC requirements for Disturbance Recovery
• Explain the meaning of Disturbance Control
• Explain the fundamental principles of generator protection relays

Duration: 8 hours

Cost: $195    (Contact APT for group discounts) 

NERC Continuing Education Hours: up to 8-CEH, 8-P

Please verify CEH with APT office before enrolling!

Cost: $195   (Contact APT for group discounts

Continuing Education Units (CEUs): 0.8

Enrollment: Upon enrollment, APT will contact you with UserID and Password

Additional Information:

  APT will suitcase this course to your location

  APT will customize this course to your exact needs

  Contact APT for more information